The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The 18th and 19th centuries saw an influx of naturalists, writers, and artists, in particular, the Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks. In 1800, Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 40,000. Hannibal notably crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. A mummified man, determined to be 5,000 years old, was discovered on a glacier at the Austrian–Italian border in 1991.īy the 6th century BC, the Celtic La Tène culture was well established. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,400 m (11,155 ft), and plants such as edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations.Įvidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe in the mountains, precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,000 ft). Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. The Alpine arch extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The Alps ( / æ l p s/) are the highest and most extensive mountain range that is entirely in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. Japan surrendered a few days later.The Dolomites (Italy) are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing about 115,000 people. From 1941-1945, Japan's military leaders fought against the U.S. But on December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the United States navy fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and the U.S. This was a time of great change and modernization for Japan.ĭuring World War I (1914-1917), Japan fought on the side of the U.S. In 1868, the shoguns were overthrown and emperors returned. This isolation lasted more than 200 years. In 1635, the ruling shogun closed Japan to foreigners and forbade Japanese to travel abroad. Emperors controlled Japan until the 12th century A.D., when military rulers, called shoguns, took control and ruled by might.Įuropeans first arrived in Japan in 1543, bringing guns and Christianity. In 660 B.C., Japan's first emperor, Jimmu Tenno, came to power. They were skilled weavers, tool makers, and farmers who began cultivating rice in flooded paddy fields. In 300 B.C., the Yayoi people came to Honshu Island from Korea and China. The Jomon and Ainu survived for thousands of years, hunting, fishing, and gathering plants. Around the same time, the Ainu people arrived by boat from Siberia. The first society, called the Jomon culture, arose about 12,000 years ago. At the time, the main islands were connected to Siberia and Korea by bridges of dry land, so people crossed on foot. People first came to Japan about 30,000 years ago.
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YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS EULA BY INSTALLING, COPYING, OR OTHERWISE USING THE SOFTWARE. An amendment or addendum to this EULA may accompany the Software. IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: This End-User License Agreement ("EULA") is a legal agreement between you (either an individual or a single entity) and Systweak Software ("Company") for the Company software Duplicate Photos Fixer Pro, that accompanies this EULA, which includes Device software and may include associated media, printed materials, "online" or electronic documentation, and Internet-based services ("Software"). The model may be rejected because of characteristics of this internal medullary space, for example there may be thin walls and automated quality checkers may flag the model as unprintable. This extra geometry can cause problems when the file is sent to 3D printer or 3D printing service. If you look closely at Figure 3 you can see there's a lot of internal geometry within the bones that is not desired (red circles). Here's an example of the 3D model of the pelvis and lumbar spine created from the CT scan we were just looking at. This is because algorithms designed to select the bone from all the other stuff in the body, such as fat, muscle, air, etc), use density as a means to identify the bones. The fact that medullary bone and bone marrow is not dense causes a problem when we are trying to convert CT scan data into a digital model that is 3D printable. The text and red circles represent the measurements for the those areas of interest. But that is another story.) In Figure 2, the green circles represent the area of interest that is being measured. Remember, fat floats on water, and is thus less dense than water. How can bone be less dense than muscle? Because it is filled with fatty bone marrow. So in this case the medullary bone is actually less dense then muscle around it. If we measure the muscle in the gluteus maximus area, this measures 51 Hounsfield units, as shown in the red circle on the left. The less dense medullary bone within the sacrum measures 1.7 Hounsfield units, as shown within the red circle in the middle. If we measure the density of these bones in Hounsfield units, which is the unit of density that is measured on a CT scan, we can see that the dense cortical part of the iliac bone in this image measures 768 Hounsfield units, and is shown in the rightmost red circle (Figure 2). Outside the bone we can see muscle represented by this light gray color, and intra-abdominal fat which is represented by this dark gray color. In some areas it is approaching black in color, which means is not very dense at all. This type of bone is not white, but is a grayish color on a CT scan image. The spongy bone, which is less dense and contains fatty bone marrow, can be seen in the center of the iliac bones and sacrum on this image. The white color indicates that it is very dense. In the CT scan image shown in Figure 1, the hard, dense cortical bone is seen as a bright white outer surface of these pelvic bones. Take this CT scan of the pelvis, for example. On a CT scan you can see these two different types of bone. The inner core of most bones contains fatty bone marrow, and is made of much softer bone that is less dense, called spongy bone. This tough outer part of the bone is very hard and is what gives bones their strength. Most bones have a very hard, very dense outer layer comprised of cortical bone. Bones are not solid, even though they may appear to be so. Before we dive in, let's take a moment to discuss what the medullary cavity of a bone is and why it's a problem if you're trying to 3D print bone models made from a CT scan. This will provide a bonus point for all rewarding dialogue options.Īdditionally, you can give items to female confidants in between rank ups. When hanging out with a confidant after any automatic/initial ranks, be sure to have a persona in your inventory that shares the same Arcana as their social link. Going to a hangout spot with someone can yield unique rewards, but no such rewards or dialogue options will be available upon going to the same location more than once.įor the best Hangout Spots for each available confidant, check here. Sometimes a confidant or the story will take you to a location that you can bring others to later, such as with Ryuji when he takes you to his favourite ramen shop, but you can also read about hangout spots in magazines and books. Learning hangout spots can be a huge benefit to ranking up with all your confidants. Selecting a fun hangout spot is a good way to earn bonus reputation with someone when you're in between rank ups. Make sure you finish Palaces early because Phantom Thief confidants will usually be too on edge to want to hang out until after you've stolen a Palace's treasure. We have listed the days they are typically available, but their availability will vary due to the month, your rank with them, weather, and where you are in the story. Unlike previous Persona titles, confidants are not on set schedules. If you just see a blue card, that means you need to spend time with them before you can get to the next rank. If their name is greyed out, that means you either have not reached a requirement of their social link or you haven't spoken to them since you reached the requirement. If it says " Up!!" over their name, you can rank up with them. The best way to do that is by bringing up your map to see which areas have the blue card icon and then hitting Square over the location to see who is available. Now you can convince all of those Shadows to join your cause.In most cases, you'll get a text from someone who wants to hang out with you, usually to progress your social link with them, but sometimes you have to go and look for them.
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